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Penataran (Panataran)

Largest Hindu temple complex in East Java, on the southwestern slope of Mount Kelud near Blitar. It grew from a Kediri-period sanctuary called Palah, named in an inscription of 1197, into the state temple of the Majapahit kingdom, with dated buildings and statues from 1320 to 1369 and later. The terraces of the main temple carry long relief cycles from the Ramayana and the Krishnayana.

Dated events and their evidence

• 1197 CE mainstream
  Palah inscription of King Srengga of Kediri records worship at the site source
• 1320 CE mainstream
  pair of gate guardian statues dated 1242 Saka, under Majapahit king Jayanagara source
• 1347 CE disputed
  guardian statues at the main temple stairs dated 1269 Saka (1347); the cited survey prints 1239 Saka (1317) source
• 1369 CE disputed
  Dated Temple (Candi Angka Tahun) lintel read as 1291 Saka (1369); English Wikipedia gives 1323 source
• 1815 CE disputed
  ruins first described in a European account (early 19th c., single source) source
• 1917 CE mainstream
  Dated Temple and Naga Temple reconstructed (1917-1918) source

Where

8.0161° S, 112.2092° E

Sources

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penataran
• https://doi.org/10.55981/kpt.2583
• https://photodharma.net/Indonesia/39-Penataran/index.htm
• https://harindabama.com/2017/07/30/penataran-appeasing-the-mountain-god/

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