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Station ALOHA (Hawaii Ocean Time-series)

A patch of open ocean about 100 km north of Oahu where scientists have measured the water column almost every month since October 1988, the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. Its record shows the carbon dioxide of the surface North Pacific rising and its pH falling by about 0.0019 a year.

Dated events and their evidence

• 1988 CE mainstream
  October 1988: the Hawaii Ocean Time-series begins repeated observations of the hydrography, chemistry and biology of the water column at a station north of Oahu, a site meant to represent the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre source
• 1996 CE mainstream
  Karl and Lukas publish the programme's background, rationale and field implementation, the founding description of the time series source
• 2004 CE mainstream
  August 2004: a surface mooring, WHOTS, a joint project of Woods Hole and the programme, begins to measure heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes between air and sea at Station ALOHA source
• 2009 CE mainstream
  Dore and colleagues report nearly 20 years of pH measurements: the surface seawater pH falls by 0.0019 plus or minus 0.0002 a year, a rate indistinguishable from what equilibration with the rising carbon dioxide of the air predicts source
• 2011 CE mainstream
  the ALOHA Cabled Observatory becomes operational: a fibre-optic cable brings power and communication to instruments on the sea bed at about 4,728 m source
• 2013 CE mainstream
  March 2013: the 250th research cruise of the programme, in its 25th year source
• 2015 CE mainstream
  the American Society for Microbiology names Station ALOHA a Milestone in Microbiology, for its part in defining microbial oceanography source

Where

22.7500° N, 158.0000° W

The point is the position Wikipedia gives for the Hawaii Ocean Time-series, 22 45 N, 158 W: the centre of Station ALOHA, a deep-water site about 100 km north of Oahu. Sampling is done within a 10 km radius around it.

Sources

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii_Ocean_Time-series
• https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906044106
• https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(96)00005-7

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